Endocrinology

Thyroid–gonadal hormone associations vary by sex and age in euthyroid adults

In a cross-sectional multi-center cohort of 1,025 healthy adults, FT4 correlated positively with testosterone in men (Std β 0.448, P=0.002). No overall female association was observed, but age-stratified results showed negative FT3–LH in those <18 years (r -0.372, P<0.001). In women 18–40 years, FT4–FSH association emerged (r 0.125, P=0.001), which disappeared after age 40. Findings apply to individuals with normal thyroid function and suggest sex- and age-specific HPT–HPG interactions. 1

Meta-analysis: abnormal DST and confirmed Cushing's among obesity and diabetes cohorts

Pooled data from 39 studies (14,995 screened) found abnormal DST prevalence 4.6% in obesity and 14.3% in diabetes. Confirmed Cushing's occurred in 0.8% of obesity cohorts and 2.1% of diabetes cohorts. Younger age, recent weight gain, and diabetes predicted higher CS likelihood, but GRADE certainty was low–moderate. Authors suggest reconsidering screening strategies in selected patients, pending confirmation in unbiased cohorts. 2

Target trial emulation framework proposed for GnRHa safety in transgender youth

This methodological paper presents a target trial emulation to study long-term GnRHa safety using national registry data. Key challenges addressed include control-group selection and defining time zero, with expert causal‑inference review. Design selects late-presenting TGDA individuals as controls and plans multiple sensitivity analyses for robustness. This is a study protocol/framework and provides no new outcome data to inform immediate clinical practice. 3