Obstetrics & Gynecology

Endometriosis lowers lifetime pregnancy incidence and raises miscarriage and ectopic risk

This Finnish registry cohort compared 10,105 individuals with surgically confirmed endometriosis to 19,526 matched controls across the reproductive lifespan. Ever-pregnant proportions were slightly lower with endometriosis, and affected individuals had fewer pregnancies per person than controls. Pregnancies in the endometriosis group were less likely to end in birth and more likely to end in miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. Induced abortions were less common and molar pregnancy risk was similar in the endometriosis group compared with controls. 1

Frozen versus fresh IVF transfer shows stable perinatal tradeoffs across prep methods

This multicenter Australian cohort included 8081 women and 9243 singleton births after autologous IVF, comparing 6125 frozen with 3118 fresh transfers. Frozen transfer was associated with lower risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and small-for-gestational-age infants than fresh transfer. However, frozen transfer increased risks of caesarean delivery, high birth weight, and large-for-gestational-age infants. Subgroup analyses showed similar perinatal patterns across hormone-replacement and natural-cycle frozen protocols, suggesting preparation method is not the main driver. 2

Contemporary hormonal contraception not linked to leukemia in nearly 2 million Danish women

This nationwide cohort followed 1,957,490 premenopausal Danish women for 24.5 million person-years, identifying 671 leukemia cases. Current and recent hormonal contraceptive users had leukemia incidence similar to never-users (adjusted IRR 0.95; 95% CI 0.78–1.16). Risk estimates were near null across durations of use, time since last use, and major product classes, including combined and progestin-only methods. Leukemia risk did not materially differ by leukemia subtype or by product-specific durations of use. 3