Ophthalmology

Glaucoma polygenic risk score stratifies lifetime risk and predicts treatment escalation

In 402,739 FinnGen participants, a top-performing glaucoma PRS conferred HR 3.32 for glaucoma (≥90th vs 20–80th percentile). Lifetime glaucoma risk rose from 2.5% (<1st percentile) to 31.9% (95–99th percentile) and 45.3% (≥99th percentile) by age 85. PRS and family history independently contributed to risk; PRS effect size changed minimally after adjusting for family history. Those in the highest PRS decile had greater 20-year cumulative rates of medication escalation (60.6% vs 38.4%), laser, and surgery. 1

Visual impairment correlates with diabetes and cumulative cardiovascular risk in US Hispanic/Latino adults

In 3,288 Hispanic/Latino adults aged ≥40, age-standardized habitual VI prevalence was about 7.1%. Diabetes was associated with best-corrected VI (OR 4.65), and higher cumulative CVD risk factor counts showed graded associations with VI. VI prevalence varied by Hispanic/Latino background and measurement method, with higher rates in some subgroups. Cross-sectional design limits causal inference; temporal and confounding mechanisms remain unresolved. 2

SonoEye ultrasound foundation model achieves high screening sensitivity and Eye-RADS stratification

SonoEye, trained on 215,356 image-text pairs, achieved 98.3% screening sensitivity and mean accuracy 96.3% across 18 eye diseases. The Eye-RADS four-tier framework produced strong internal agreement (Cohen's kappa 0.808) and moderate external agreement. Incorporating age improved performance in elderly populations but not younger cohorts. Model outputs include attention-based visualizations and structured reports to aid interpretability. 3